Biography of Bob Marley

The complete biography of Robert Nesta 'Bob' Marley, born in Nine Miles, Jamaica and raised in Trenchtown, famous for his own version of reggae music.
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Robert Nesta Marley was born on February 6, 1945 in the parish of St. Anns in Nine Miles, Jamaica to Norval Sinclair Marley and Cedella ‘Ciddy’ Malcom. Norval was a British Marine officer and Ciddy was a native Jamaican. Soon after his birth, Bob’s father left and had little contact with him although he did financially support his son.

When Bob was five, his father took him to Kingston, Jamaica. It wasn’t until a year later that Bob saw his mother again. Soon after, he moved with his mother to Trenchtown, a section of Kingston notorious for it’s rough ghettoes.

In 1961, at the age of sixteen, Bob released his first song, Judge Not, which did not do well. This did not discourage Bob. He continued to pursue a career in music and in 1965, he formed a group called ‘The Wailers’ with Bunny Livingstone (later known as Bunny Wailer) and Peter McIntosh (later known as simply Peter Tosh.) Bob acted as front man for the group and wrote most of the group’s material. The trio released ‘Simmer Down,’ ‘Rule Them Rudie’ and ‘It Hurts To Be Alone,’ all of which were hits in Jamaica.

In 1966, Bob Marley married Rita Anderson, his long-term girlfriend. The next day he went to the United States and stayed long enough to gain financing for his next record. The next year Bob and Rita’s first child, Cedella, was born. Soon after, the Marleys set up their own recording label, Wail ‘N Soul ‘M Records, and produced a single, ‘Bend Down Low/Mellow Mood.’ That same year, the record label was ended.
Their next child, David (Ziggy) was born in 1968. The Wailers continued to release singles without producing an album. The band formed another label, Tuff Gong, and

finally reached a degree of success. By that time, the Wailers were famous in the Caribbean, but were unknown in the rest of the world.

Finally in 1971, the Wailers got a break. Island Records forwarded them 8,000 pounds for the production of a full album. The Wailers were the first reggae band to receive so much money and to have access to the best

recording studios. They produced two albums, ‘Catch a Fire’ and ‘Burnin’’, the latter which included ‘Get Up Stand Up’ and ‘I Shot the Sheriff.’ The Wailers began to extensively toured the United States and the United Kingdom and when Eric Clapton covered ‘I Shot the Sheriff’ the Wailers soared to instant fame.

Soon after their success in the US, the band changed their name to Bob Marley and the Wailers and then released their next album, ‘Natty Dread.’ The album included the hit single ‘No Woman No Cry,’ perhaps their most popular song. Soon after, Bunny and Peter left to pursue solo careers and

were replaced by new members. By 1976, reggae fever had swept the United States. Rolling Stone magazine named Bob Marley and the Wailers the ‘Band of the Year’ and ‘Rastaman Vibration’ rose to the top of the charts.

On December 3 of 1976, an assassination attempt was made on Bob Marley, his wife and the managers of the Wailers to keep him from playing at the Smile Jamaica concert in Kingston. His concert was scheduled for December 5 after a presidential candidate’s election rally, a presidential candidate who happened to be at odds with the US. Some people believe that the assassination attempt was executed by the US government, for fear that Marley’s performance would sway the vote. Despite receiving two gun shot wounds, Bob Marley performed anyway and then left for the UK.

Bob Marley and the Wailers went on to produce their next album, ‘Exodus,’ in 1977. The release of this album propelled Bob to a international superstar. Later, in May of the same year, Bob found out that he had cancer in his toe. Doctors recommended that he have the toe removed, but

Bob refused since this was against his Rastafarian beliefs. In July, the rest of the Exodus tour was canceled.

In 1978, the band released another album, ‘Kaya.’ The group's songs went from protest anthems to love songs about ganja (marijuana), which is highly held by Rastafarians as a way to connect with Jah (God.) In April, Marley returned to Jamaica to perform in the One Love Peace Concert, and later that year he received a Peace Medal of the Third World from the United Nations. Bob Marley also traveled to Africa for the first time, making stops in Kenya, Ethiopia and Zimbabwe.

The band went on touring throughout the US and Europe and produced a few more albums, ncluding ‘Uprising.’ However, in 1980, Marley fell gravely ill. The cancer in his toe had spread upwards through his body and had infected his liver, stomach and brain. In September, Bob nearly fainted during a concert in New York City. The next day he collapsed while jogging through a park and was rushed to the hospital. The doctors revealed that the tumor in his brain had greatly enlarged and that Bob had less than a month to live.

Bob wanted to continue the tour though, and he performed a spectacular show in Pittsburgh on September 22. Rita was not happy with his decision to spend his final days touring though, and the concert was canceled the next day. Bob then went to Miami where he was baptized at the Ethiopian Orthodox Church on November 4. Five days later, in a last attempt to save his life, Bob flew to a controversial treatment center in Germany with Rita. Three months later on May 11, 1981, Bob Marley died at the young age of 36.

Bob Marley’s funeral was held in Jamaica on May 21, and hundreds of thousands of people attended, including the Prime Minister of Jamaica. Bob’s body was taken back to his birth place in Nine Miles where it now rests in a mausoleum. Biografi Bob Marley



Biografi lengkap 'Bob' Robert Nesta Marley, lahir di Nine Miles, Jamaika dan dibesarkan di Trenchtown, terkenal untuk versi sendiri musik reggae. Robert Nesta Marley lahir pada tanggal 6 Pebruari 1945 di paroki St Anns di Nine Miles, Jamaika untuk Norval Sinclair Marley dan 'Ciddy' Cedella Malcolm. Norval adalah seorang perwira Marinir Inggris dan Ciddy adalah asli Jamaika. Segera setelah kelahirannya, ayahnya Bob kiri dan memiliki sedikit kontak dengan dia walaupun ia mendukung keuangan anaknya.
Ketika Bob lima, ayahnya membawanya ke Kingston, Jamaika. Tidak sampai setahun kemudian bahwa Bob melihat ibunya lagi. Segera setelah itu, ia pindah dengan ibunya ke Trenchtown, bagian dari Kingston terkenal untuk itu ghettoes kasar.
Pada tahun 1961, pada usia enam belas tahun, Bob merilis lagu pertamanya, Hakim Tidak, yang tidak melakukannya dengan baik. Hal ini tidak menyurutkan Bob. Dia terus mengejar karir di musik dan tahun 1965, ia membentuk sebuah kelompok yang disebut 'The Wailers' dengan Bunny Livingstone (kemudian dikenal sebagai Bunny Wailer) dan Peter McIntosh (kemudian dikenal sebagai hanya Peter Tosh.) Bob bertindak sebagai manusia depan untuk kelompok dan menulis sebagian besar materi kelompok. Trio merilis 'Simmer Down', 'Aturan Mereka Rudie' dan 'Itu Hurts To Be Alone,' semua yang hits di Jamaika.
Pada tahun 1966, Bob Marley menikahi Rita Anderson, pacarnya jangka panjang. Hari berikutnya ia pergi ke Amerika Serikat dan tinggal cukup lama untuk mendapatkan pembiayaan untuk catatan berikutnya. Tahun berikutnya Bob dan anak pertama Rita, Cedella, lahir. Segera setelah itu, Marleys mendirikan label rekaman mereka sendiri, 'N Soul' Wail M Records, dan menghasilkan satu, 'Bend Down Low / Mellow Mood.' Pada tahun yang sama, perusahaan rekaman telah berakhir.
anak mereka berikutnya, David (Ziggy) lahir pada tahun 1968. The Wailers terus merilis single tanpa menghasilkan album. Band ini terbentuk label lain, Tuf Gong, dan akhirnya mencapai tingkat keberhasilan. Pada waktu itu, Wailers yang terkenal di Karibia, tetapi tidak dikenal di seluruh dunia. Akhirnya pada tahun 1971, Wailers mendapat istirahat. Island Records diteruskan mereka £ 8000 untuk produksi album penuh. The Wailers adalah band reggae pertama yang menerima begitu banyak uang dan memiliki akses ke terbaik
studio rekaman. Mereka memproduksi dua album, 'Catch a Fire' dan '''terbakar, yang terakhir yang termasuk' Get Up Stand Up 'dan' I Shot Sheriff 'The Wailers mulai. Ekstensif berkeliling Amerika Serikat dan Inggris dan ketika Eric Clapton tertutup "Aku Shot Sheriff 'The Wailers melonjak ke ketenaran instan.
Segera setelah kesuksesan mereka di Amerika Serikat, band ini berganti nama menjadi Bob Marley dan The Wailers dan kemudian merilis album berikutnya, album ini termasuk hit single 'Natty Dread.' 'No Woman No Cry,' mungkin lagu mereka yang paling populer. Segera setelah itu, Bunny dan Peter pergi untuk mengejar karir solo dan
digantikan oleh anggota baru. Pada tahun 1976, demam reggae telah menyapu Amerika Serikat. Rolling Stone majalah bernama Bob Marley dan The Wailers yang 'Band of the Year' dan 'Rastaman Vibration' naik ke puncak tangga lagu.
Pada tanggal 3 Desember 1976, sebuah percobaan pembunuhan dilakukan pada Bob Marley, istrinya dan manajer dari Wailers untuk menjaga dia dari bermain di konser Smile Jamaica di Kingston. Konsernya dijadwalkan untuk Desember 5 setelah kampanye pemilu calon presiden, seorang calon presiden yang kebetulan bertentangan dengan Amerika Serikat. Beberapa orang percaya bahwa usaha pembunuhan dieksekusi oleh pemerintah AS, karena takut bahwa kinerja Marley akan mempengaruhi suara. Meskipun menerima luka tembakan pistol dua, Bob Marley dilakukan tetap dan kemudian berangkat ke Inggris.
Bob Marley dan The Wailers melanjutkan untuk memproduksi album berikutnya, "Exodus," pada tahun 1977. Peluncuran album ini mendorong Bob untuk seorang superstar internasional. Kemudian, pada bulan Mei tahun yang sama, Bob menemukan bahwa ia menderita kanker di jari kakinya. Dokter merekomendasikan bahwa ia memiliki kaki dihapus, tapi Bob menolak karena ini terhadap keyakinan Rastafarian nya. Pada bulan Juli, sisa dari tur Keluaran dibatalkan.



Pada tahun 1978, band ini merilis album lain, lagu-lagu kelompok ini pergi dari lagu kebangsaan protes untuk mencintai lagu-lagu tentang ganja (ganja) 'Kaya.', Yang sangat dipegang oleh Rastafarian sebagai cara untuk terhubung dengan Jah (Allah.) Pada bulan April, Marley kembali ke Jamaika untuk bekerja pada Peace One Love Concert, dan kemudian tahun itu ia menerima Medali Perdamaian Dunia Ketiga dari PBB. Bob Marley juga pergi ke Afrika untuk pertama kalinya, membuat berhenti di Kenya, Ethiopia dan Zimbabwe.
Band ini melanjutkan tur di seluruh Amerika Serikat dan Eropa dan menghasilkan album lagi, ncluding Namun 'Pemberontakan.', pada tahun 1980, Marley jatuh sakit parah. Kanker di jari kakinya telah menyebar ke atas seluruh tubuhnya dan telah menginfeksi hati, perut dan otak. Pada bulan September, Bob hampir pingsan saat konser di New York City. Keesokan harinya ia pingsan saat jogging melalui taman dan dilarikan ke rumah sakit. Para dokter mengungkapkan bahwa tumor di otaknya sangat membesar dan bahwa Bob memiliki kurang dari sebulan untuk hidup.
Bob ingin melanjutkan tur sekalipun, dan ia melakukan pertunjukan spektakuler di Pittsburgh pada 22 September. Rita tidak senang dengan keputusannya untuk menghabiskan hari-hari terakhir tur meskipun, dan konser itu dibatalkan pada hari berikutnya. Bob kemudian pergi ke Miami di mana ia dibaptis di Gereja Ortodoks Ethiopia pada 4 November. Lima hari kemudian, dalam usaha terakhir untuk menyelamatkan nyawanya, Bob terbang ke pusat perawatan kontroversial di Jerman dengan Rita. Tiga bulan kemudian pada tanggal 11 Mei 1981, Bob Marley meninggal di muda usia 36.
pemakaman Bob Marley diselenggarakan di Jamaika pada 21 Mei, dan ratusan ribu orang hadir, termasuk Perdana Menteri Jamaika. Bob tubuh dibawa kembali ke tempat kelahirannya di Nine Miles mana sekarang terletak di mausoleum.




Arnold Belau)